a) Đặt \(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)

\(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)\)

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< 1-\dfrac{1}{n}\)

\(\Rightarrow1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< 1-\dfrac{1}{n}+1\)

\(\Rightarrow1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< 2-\dfrac{1}{n}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)< \dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(2-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2^2}.2-\dfrac{1}{2^2}.\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2^3}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)

Vậy \(A< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(Đpcm\right)\)

b) Đặt \(B=\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{7^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n+1\right)^2}\)

Ta có:

\(B< \dfrac{1}{1.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.5}+\dfrac{1}{5.7}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n-1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}\)

\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2}{1.3}+\dfrac{2}{3.5}+\dfrac{2}{5.7}+...+\dfrac{2}{\left(2n-1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}\right)\)

\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{7}+...+\dfrac{1}{2n-1}-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\right)\)

\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\right)\)

\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2n+1}{2n+1}-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\right)\)

\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{2n}{2n+1}\)

\(B< \dfrac{2n}{4n+2}\)

\(B< \dfrac{2n}{2\left(2n+1\right)}\)

\(B< \dfrac{n}{2n+1}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{\left(n+1\right)^2n-n^2\left(n+1\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

Do đó:

\(VT=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

\(VT=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}< 1\) (đpcm)

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}< \dfrac{1}{2.3}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{4^2}< \dfrac{1}{3.4}\)

...

\(\dfrac{1}{n^2}< \dfrac{1}{n\left(n-1\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow P< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n-1\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow P< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}\)

\(\Rightarrow P< 1-\dfrac{1}{n}< 1\)

\(\Rightarrow P< 1\)

\(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n-1\right)}\\ A< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}=1-\dfrac{1}{n}< 1\left(\dfrac{1}{n}>0\right)\)

b: =>\(\dfrac{2}{2}+\dfrac{2}{6}+\dfrac{2}{12}+...+\dfrac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\dfrac{200}{101}\)

=>\(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{12}+...+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\dfrac{100}{101}\)

=>1-1/2+1/2-1/3+...+1/n-1/n+1=100/101

=>1-1/(n+1)=100/101

=>1/(n+1)=1/101

=>n+1=101

=>n=100

Với mọi k thuộc N và k > 2 thì ta có :

\(1-\frac{1}{1+2+....+k}=1-\frac{1}{\frac{k\left(k+1\right)}{2}}=1-\frac{2}{k\left(k+1\right)}=\frac{k^2+k-2}{k\left(k+1\right)}=\frac{\left(k+2\right)\left(k-1\right)}{k\left(k+1\right)}\)

Áp dụng vào A ta được :

\(A=\left(1-\frac{1}{1+2}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{1+2+3}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{1+2+3+4}\right)...\left(1-\frac{1}{1+2+....+n}\right)\)

\(=\frac{1.4}{2.3}.\frac{2.5}{3.4}.\frac{3.6}{4.5}....\frac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{\left[1.2.3....\left(n-1\right)\right]\left[4.5.6.....\left(n+2\right)\right]}{\left(2.3.4......n\right)\left[3.4.5.....\left(n+1\right)\right]}\)

\(=\frac{n+2}{n.3}=\frac{n+2}{3n}\)